A Decision Framework for Equitable Use of Federal Funds for Voluntary Buyout Programs

Disaster losses and expenses are increasing rapidly in coastal regions, highlighting the pressing need for effective mitigation strategies. The voluntary buyout program is an effective approach to reducing risks of future flooding, often funded by federal grants after disasters. However, following a disaster, decision-making tends to be reactive, potentially leading to a haphazard selection of properties and households for program participation. It is crucial for local governments in charge of these programs to be informed about who may or may not benefit from program participation when deciding which properties to select and prioritize. Therefore, incorporating social equity in those decisions prevents unintended consequences for program participants. The present research addresses this complexity by raising the critical question of how local practitioners can evaluate equity considerations of using federal grants for buyout projects. With a mixed-methods research design, we offer systematic guidelines for supporting local practitioners in evaluating the equity considerations of using funding for buyouts, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for households. By acknowledging the potential of buyouts in mitigating flood exposure and recognizing its equity implications, this study uses advanced hazard models, buyout practitioners and experts’ insights, data on buyout funding, and findings from past research to support local practitioners in making equitable prioritization and selection of households by developing a decision framework.