A study of data-focused roles in leading North American university libraries

In the past decade, academic libraries have evolved to support diverse data needs, creating a demand for specialized data-focused roles. North American academic libraries are widely regarded as a global benchmark for developing data services, owing to their strong research infrastructure and extensive administrative support. This study examines how libraries at leading members of the Association of American Universities (AAU) staff and structure these data-focused roles. Using a combined approach of directory reviews, site-specific searches, statistics, and text analysis, the study identifies 321 data-focused roles across 71 AAU libraries at the beginning of 2024–2025 academic year, averaging 2.30 % of each library's total staff. Although generalist data librarian roles predominate, specialized positions, including non-librarian staff also play important parts in front-end data services. Results reveal no statistically significant differences between public and private AAU libraries in either the prevalence or percentage of data-oriented roles, suggesting that administrative priorities may outweigh funding models in shaping data services capacity. Text analysis underscores the prominence of more general data terms within job titles, reflecting a broad focus on the entire data lifecycle in most institutions, while some more advanced and niche technical skills are supported in a few institutions. Furthermore, this study proposes a three-stage model of data services maturity: (1) basic Research Data Management (RDM) essentials, (2) general data support, and (3) specialized data expertise, with most AAU libraries occupying Stages 2 or 3, reflecting their readiness to address complex data needs. For libraries worldwide seeking to initiate or enhance data services, these results highlight strategic considerations such as flexible hiring practices, professional development, and dedicated web visibility. This study offers a replicable framework for other academic libraries worldwide aiming to progress from foundational RDM to advanced data specialization.