An oncogenic hub: β-Catenin as a molecular target for cancer therapeutics

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays diverse roles in embryonic development and in maintenance of organs and tissues in adults. Activation of this signaling cascade inhibits degradation of the pivotal component β-catenin, which in turn stimulates transcription of downstream target genes. Over the past two decades, intensive worldwide investigations have yielded considerable progress toward understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Wnt signaling and its involvement in the pathogenesis of a range of human diseases. Remarkably, β-catenin signaling is aberrantly activated in greater than 70% of colorectal cancers and to a lesser extent in other tumor types, promoting cancer cell proliferation, survival and migration. Accordingly, β-catenin has gained recognition as an enticing molecular target for cancer therapeutics. Disruption of protein-protein interactions essential for β-catenin activity holds immense promise for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we focus on the regulation of β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation and discuss potential therapeutic opportunities to block this signaling pathway in cancer.