Argus: Multi-Level Service Visibility Scoping for Internet-of-Things in Enterprise Environments

In IoT, what services from which nearby devices are available, must be discovered by a user's device (e.g., smartphone) before she can issue commands to access them. Service visibility scoping in large scale, heterogeneous enterprise environments has multiple unique features, e.g., proximity based interactions, differentiated visibility according to device natures and user attributes, frequent user churns thus revocation. They render existing solutions completely insufficient. We propose Argus, a distributed algorithm offering three-level, fine-grained visibility scoping in parallel: i) Level 1 public visibility where services are identically visible to everyone; ii) Level 2 differentiated visibility where service visibility depends on users' non-sensitive attributes; iii) Level 3 covert visibility where service visibility depends on users' sensitive attributes that are never explicitly disclosed. Extensive analysis and experiments show that: i) Argus is secure; ii) its Level 2 is 10x as scalable and computationally efficient as work using Attribute-based Encryption, Level 3 is 10x as efficient as work using Paring-based Cryptography; iii) it is fast and agile for satisfactory user experience, costing 0.25 s to discover 20 Level 1 devices, and 0.63 s for Level 2 or Level 3 devices.