TY - CHAP
T1 - Arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer
T2 - review of epidemiological evidence
AU - Meliker, J. R.
AU - Nriagu, J. O.
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - Worldwide, an estimated 261 000 cases of urinary bladder cancer are diagnosed, and result in 115 000 deaths each year. Strong evidence exists for an association between bladder cancer and exposure to arsenic (As) in drinking water at concentrations exceeding 300-500 μg/l; however, health risks from As exposure in the 10-100 μg/l range are equivocal. Given low-to-moderate concentrations of As in drinking water, other sources of As exposure such as food, occupational hazards, and tobacco may be important. Exposure to other potential bladder carcinogens in drinking water, such as disinfection byproducts or nitrates, along with mediating factors in the diet, such as selenium and zinc, may also prove to be decisive factors. This review presents a critical evaluation of epidemiologic studies of As in drinking water and bladder cancer, emphasizing the need to carefully assess individual-level exposure to As in drinking water along with other sources of As, as well as considering potential confounding and mediating factors.
AB - Worldwide, an estimated 261 000 cases of urinary bladder cancer are diagnosed, and result in 115 000 deaths each year. Strong evidence exists for an association between bladder cancer and exposure to arsenic (As) in drinking water at concentrations exceeding 300-500 μg/l; however, health risks from As exposure in the 10-100 μg/l range are equivocal. Given low-to-moderate concentrations of As in drinking water, other sources of As exposure such as food, occupational hazards, and tobacco may be important. Exposure to other potential bladder carcinogens in drinking water, such as disinfection byproducts or nitrates, along with mediating factors in the diet, such as selenium and zinc, may also prove to be decisive factors. This review presents a critical evaluation of epidemiologic studies of As in drinking water and bladder cancer, emphasizing the need to carefully assess individual-level exposure to As in drinking water along with other sources of As, as well as considering potential confounding and mediating factors.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/44349161638
U2 - 10.1016/S1875-1121(06)09021-3
DO - 10.1016/S1875-1121(06)09021-3
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:44349161638
SN - 9780444518200
T3 - Trace Metals and other Contaminants in the Environment
SP - 551
EP - 584
BT - Arsenic in Soil and Groundwater Environment Biogeochemical Interactions, Health Effects and Remediation
A2 - Bhattacharya, Prosun
A2 - Mukherjee, Arun
A2 - Bundschuh, Joche
A2 - Zevenhoven, Ron
A2 - Loeppert, Richard
ER -