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Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics

  • J. Adams
  • , C. Adler
  • , M. M. Aggarwal
  • , Z. Ahammed
  • , J. Amonett
  • , B. D. Anderson
  • , M. Anderson
  • , D. Arkhipkin
  • , G. S. Averichev
  • , S. K. Badyal
  • , J. Balewski
  • , O. Barannikova
  • , L. S. Barnby
  • , J. Baudot
  • , S. Bekele
  • , V. V. Belaga
  • , R. Bellwied
  • , J. Berger
  • , B. I. Bezverkhny
  • , S. Bhardwaj
    • P. Bhaskar, A. K. Bhati, H. Bichsel, A. Billmeier, L. C. Bland, C. O. Blyth, B. E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, A. Brandin, A. Bravar, R. V. Cadman, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Carroll, J. Castillo, M. Castro, D. Cebra, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H. F. Chen, Y. Chen, S. P. Chernenko, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, B. Choi, W. Christie, J. P. Coffin, T. M. Cormier, J. G. Cramer, H. J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, A. A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, W. J. Dong, X. Dong, J. E. Draper, F. Du, A. K. Dubey, V. B. Dunin, J. C. Dunlop, M. R. Dutta Majumdar, V. Eckardt, L. G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, V. Faine, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, D. Flierl, K. J. Foley, J. Fu, C. A. Gagliardi, N. Gagunashvili, J. Gans, M. S. Ganti, L. Gaudichet, M. Germain, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J. E. Gonzalez, O. Grachov, V. Grigoriev, S. Gronstal, D. Grosnick, M. Guedon, S. M. Guertin, A. Gupta, E. Gushin, T. D. Gutierrez, T. J. Hallman, D. Hardtke, J. W. Harris, M. Heinz, T. W. Henry, S. Heppelmann, T. Herston, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G. W. Hoffmann, M. Horsley, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Huang, T. J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jacobs, M. Janik, H. Jiang, I. Johnson, P. G. Jones, E. G. Judd, S. Kabana, M. Kaneta, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, V. Yu Khodyrev, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, J. Klay, S. R. Klein, A. Klyachko, D. D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, A. D. Kovalenko, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A. I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, G. J. Kunde, C. L. Kunz, R. Kh Kutuev, A. A. Kuznetsov, M. A.C. Lamont, J. M. Landgraf, S. Lange, C. P. Lansdell, B. Lasiuk, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednický, M. J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, S. J. Lindenbaum, M. A. Lisa, F. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Liu, Q. J. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W. J. Llope, H. Long, R. S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W. A. Love, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, J. Ma, Y. G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, L. K. Mangotra, D. P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J. Marx, H. S. Matis, Yu A. Matulenko, T. S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu Melnick, A. Meschanin, M. Messer, M. L. Miller, Z. Milosevich, N. G. Minaev, C. Mironov, D. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C. F. Moore, M. J. Mora-Corral, D. A. Morozov, V. Morozov, M. M. de Moura, M. G. Munhoz, B. K. Nandi, S. K. Nayak, T. K. Nayak, J. M. Nelson, P. Nevski, V. A. Nikitin, L. V. Nogach, B. Norman, S. B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, G. Paic, S. U. Pandey, S. K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S. Y. Panitkin, A. I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V. A. Petrov, S. C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A. M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rai, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R. L. Ray, S. V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J. G. Reid, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H. G. Ritter, J. B. Roberts, O. V. Rogachevski, J. L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. J. Ruan, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, I. Savin, J. Schambach, R. P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, L. S. Schroeder, K. Schweda, J. Seger, D. Seliverstov, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, M. Sharma, K. E. Shestermanov, S. S. Shimanskii, R. N. Singaraju, F. Simon, G. Skoro, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, H. M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, C. Struck, A. A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, C. Suire, M. Šumbera, B. Surrow, T. J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, P. Szarwas, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A. H. Tang, D. Thein, J. H. Thomas, V. Tikhomirov, M. Tokarev, M. B. Tonjes, T. A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R. E. Tribble, M. D. Trivedi, V. Trofimov, O. Tsai, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, A. M. VanderMolen, A. N. Vasiliev, M. Vasiliev, S. E. Vigdor, Y. P. Viyogi, S. A. Voloshin, W. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X. L. Wang, Z. M. Wang, H. Ward, J. W. Watson, R. Wells, G. D. Westfall, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, R. Willson, S. W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, V. I. Yurevich, Y. V. Zanevski, I. Zborovský, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, P. A. Żołnierczuk, R. Zoulkarneev, J. Zoulkarneeva, A. N. Zubarev
  • University of Birmingham
  • Goethe University Frankfurt
  • Panjab University
  • Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre India
  • Kent State University
  • University of California at Davis
  • Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
  • University of Jammu
  • Indiana University Bloomington
  • Purdue University
  • Institut de Recherches Subatomiques
  • Ohio State University
  • Wayne State University
  • Yale University
  • University of Rajasthan
  • University of Washington
  • Brookhaven National Laboratory
  • Rice University
  • National Institute for Subatomic Physics
  • SUBATECH
  • Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
  • Argonne National Laboratory
  • Academia Sinica - Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • Czech Academy of Sciences
  • University of Science and Technology of China
  • University of California at Los Angeles
  • Creighton University
  • University of Texas at Austin
  • University of California at Berkeley
  • Institute for High Energy Physics
  • Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar
  • Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisenberg Institute)
  • Central China Normal University
  • Texas A&M University
  • Valparaiso University
  • Pennsylvania State University
  • Warsaw University of Technology
  • Carnegie Mellon University
  • City University of New York
  • Universidade de São Paulo
  • University of Zagreb
  • Michigan State University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

227 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the first observations of the first harmonic (directed flow, [Formula presented]) and the fourth harmonic ([Formula presented]), in the azimuthal distribution of particles with respect to the reaction plane in [Formula presented] collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Both measurements were done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow ([Formula presented]) generated at RHIC. From the correlation of [Formula presented] with [Formula presented] it is determined that [Formula presented] is positive, or in-plane. The integrated [Formula presented] is about a factor of 10 smaller than [Formula presented]. For the sixth ([Formula presented]) and eighth ([Formula presented]) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.

Original languageEnglish
JournalPhysical Review Letters
Volume92
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 2004

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