Development of a Smart Microgrid and Validation of a Distributive Adaptive Control to Balance State of Charge of Li-ion Batteries

The increasing demand for resilient and sustainable energy solutions has led to the advancement of microgrids, inte-grating batteries and renewables as distributed energy resources. Li-ion battery banks exhibit a key challenge in balancing the state of charge (SoC) among modules. This article presents the validation of a distributed adaptive control strategy on a smart microgrid testbed to mitigate SoC imbalances and optimize energy distribution. The 20kW testbed incorporates a 48V /500Ah Li-ion battery bank, six 2000F/48V supercapacitors, and three 6.8k W inverters, with centralized monitoring and control via LabViewand an NI cRIO controller. A cloud dashboard enables real-time data visualization and remote accessibility. The microgrid setup was developed and implemented in real-time, with successful open-loop testing of the batteries and acquisition of real-time operational data. In parallel, the proposed distributed adaptive control strategy was modeled and validated using the PLECS simulation platform, with simulation results confirming the controller's effectiveness. This work lays a strong foundation for future AI -driven energy management strategies and high-power microgrid applications.