Distinct microbiomes of the scleractinian coral Favia fragum in mangrove and adjacent reef habitats in the Panamanian Caribbean

Introduction: Coral reefs are essential ecosystems facing severe global decline due to various environmental stressors. Understanding coral resilience and adaptability is critical for their conservation. Methods: We examined the microbial communities associated with the scleractinian coral Favia fragum in both mangrove and adjacent reef habitats in the Panamanian Caribbean. Results: Our results reveal that F. fragum colonies in mangrove habitats at different sites share similar microbial communities, distinct from those in adjacent reef habitats. Notably, certain bacterial lineages, including Cyanobacteria and Hyphomicrobiales, are enriched in mangrove-associated corals, suggesting potential roles in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Conversely, the family Vibrionaceae, which includes known coral pathogens, is more abundant in reef habitats. Discussion: These findings emphasize the significance of microbial communities in coral resilience and highlight the complex interplay between corals and microbial symbionts across different habitats. Protecting mangroves, which serve as nurseries for coral biodiversity, is crucial for overall reef health in the face of global coral decline.