Distributed Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow for Steady-State Analysis of Microgrids

This chapter introduces enhanced power flow methods for microgrids and networked microgrids to integrate hierarchical control effects. We first present modified implicit Zbus Gauss, Newton-Raphson, and backward/forward sweep power flow algorithms for droop/secondary-based microgrids for power sharing and voltage effects. We further develop a distributed augmented power flow method for networked microgrids for hierarchical control effects in/among microgrids. Based on the distributed power flow framework, an enhanced continuation power flow algorithm is established to explore operating regions of droop coefficients and power interchanges for static voltage stability assessment. Experimental results validate the high fidelity of the aforementioned power flow algorithms.