Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

E. Vanzella; M. Castellano; P. Bergamini; T. Treu; A. Mercurio; C. Scarlata; P. Rosati; C. Grillo; A. Acebron; G. B. Caminha; M. Nonino; T. Nanayakkara; G. Roberts-Borsani; M. Bradac; X. Wang; G. Brammer; V. Strait; B. Vulcani; U. Meštrić; M. Meneghetti; F. Calura; Alaina Henry; A. Zanella; M. Trenti; K. Boyett; T. Morishita; A. Calabrò; K. Glazebrook; D. Marchesini; S. Birrer; L. Yang; T. Jones

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

E. Vanzella
, M. Castellano
, P. Bergamini
, T. Treu
, A. Mercurio
, C. Scarlata
, P. Rosati
, C. Grillo
, A. Acebron
, G. B. Caminha
, M. Nonino
, T. Nanayakkara
, G. Roberts-Borsani
, M. Bradac
, X. Wang
, G. Brammer
, V. Strait
, B. Vulcani
, U. Meštrić
, M. Meneghetti

F. Calura, Alaina Henry, A. Zanella, M. Trenti, K. Boyett, T. Morishita, A. Calabrò, K. Glazebrook, D. Marchesini, S. Birrer, L. Yang, T. Jones

Physics and Astronomy

Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna
Osservatorio Astronomico Roma
University of Milan
University of California at Los Angeles
Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
University of Ferrara
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
Swinburne University of Technology
ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics
University of Ljubljana
University of California at Davis
California Institute of Technology
Cosmic Dawn Center
University of Copenhagen
Astronomical Observatory of Padua
Space Telescope Science Institute
Johns Hopkins University
University of Melbourne
Tufts University
The University of Tokyo

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

63 Scopus citations

Abstract

We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 Å) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed (×30, ×45, and ×100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) ×10⁶ M _⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R _eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 Å, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 Å, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 Å) is ∼30%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 Å rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr⁻¹. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.

Original language	English
Article number	L53
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	940
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d
State	Published - Dec 1 2022

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Vanzella, E., Castellano, M., Bergamini, P., Treu, T., Mercurio, A., Scarlata, C., Rosati, P., Grillo, C., Acebron, A., Caminha, G. B., Nonino, M., Nanayakkara, T., Roberts-Borsani, G., Bradac, M., Wang, X., Brammer, G., Strait, V., Vulcani, B., Meštrić, U., ... Jones, T. (2022). Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu). Astrophysical Journal Letters, 940(2), Article L53. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

@article{f84eb9c14ccc4320a3416ef6dd6f2a2c,

title = "Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).",

abstract = "We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 {\AA}) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed (×30, ×45, and ×100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) ×106 M ⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 {\AA}, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 {\AA}, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 {\AA}) is ∼30\%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 {\AA} rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr−1. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.",

author = "E. Vanzella and M. Castellano and P. Bergamini and T. Treu and A. Mercurio and C. Scarlata and P. Rosati and C. Grillo and A. Acebron and Caminha, \{G. B.\} and M. Nonino and T. Nanayakkara and G. Roberts-Borsani and M. Bradac and X. Wang and G. Brammer and V. Strait and B. Vulcani and U. Me{\v s}tri{\'c} and M. Meneghetti and F. Calura and Alaina Henry and A. Zanella and M. Trenti and K. Boyett and T. Morishita and A. Calabr{\`o} and K. Glazebrook and D. Marchesini and S. Birrer and L. Yang and T. Jones",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d",

language = "English",

volume = "940",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

number = "2",

}

Vanzella, E, Castellano, M, Bergamini, P, Treu, T, Mercurio, A, Scarlata, C, Rosati, P, Grillo, C, Acebron, A, Caminha, GB, Nonino, M, Nanayakkara, T, Roberts-Borsani, G, Bradac, M, Wang, X, Brammer, G, Strait, V, Vulcani, B, Meštrić, U, Meneghetti, M, Calura, F, Henry, A, Zanella, A, Trenti, M, Boyett, K, Morishita, T, Calabrò, A, Glazebrook, K, Marchesini, D, Birrer, S, Yang, L & Jones, T 2022, 'Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 940, no. 2, L53. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu). / Vanzella, E.; Castellano, M.; Bergamini, P. et al.
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 940, No. 2, L53, 01.12.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

AU - Vanzella, E.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Bergamini, P.

AU - Treu, T.

AU - Mercurio, A.

AU - Scarlata, C.

AU - Rosati, P.

AU - Grillo, C.

AU - Acebron, A.

AU - Caminha, G. B.

AU - Nonino, M.

AU - Nanayakkara, T.

AU - Roberts-Borsani, G.

AU - Bradac, M.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Brammer, G.

AU - Strait, V.

AU - Vulcani, B.

AU - Meštrić, U.

AU - Meneghetti, M.

AU - Calura, F.

AU - Henry, Alaina

AU - Zanella, A.

AU - Trenti, M.

AU - Boyett, K.

AU - Morishita, T.

AU - Calabrò, A.

AU - Glazebrook, K.

AU - Marchesini, D.

AU - Birrer, S.

AU - Yang, L.

AU - Jones, T.

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 Å) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed (×30, ×45, and ×100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) ×106 M ⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 Å, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 Å, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 Å) is ∼30%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 Å rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr−1. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.

AB - We investigate the blue and optical rest-frame sizes (λ ≃ 2300-4000 Å) of three compact star-forming regions in a galaxy at z = 4 strongly lensed (×30, ×45, and ×100) by the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster A2744 using GLASS-ERS James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRISS imaging at 1.15 μm, 1.50 μm, and 2.0 μm with a point-spread function ≲0.″1. In particular, the Balmer break is probed in detail for all multiply imaged sources of the system. With ages of a few tens of Myr, stellar masses in the range (0.7-4.0) ×106 M ⊙ and optical/ultraviolet effective radii spanning the interval 3 < R eff < 20 pc, such objects are currently the highest-redshift (spectroscopically confirmed) gravitationally bound young massive star clusters (YMCs), with stellar mass surface densities resembling those of local globular clusters. Optical (4000 Å, JWST-based) and ultraviolet (1600 Å, Hubble Space Telescope-based) sizes are fully compatible. The contribution to the ultraviolet underlying continuum emission (1600 Å) is ∼30%, which decreases by a factor of 2 in the optical for two of the YMCs (∼4000 Å rest-frame), reflecting the young ages (<30 Myr) inferred from the spectral energy distribution fitting and supported by the presence of high-ionization lines secured with the Very Large Telescope/MUSE. Such bursty forming regions enhance the specific star formation rate of the galaxy, which is ≃10 Gyr−1. This galaxy would be among the extreme analogs observed in the local universe having a high star formation rate surface density and a high occurrence of massive stellar clusters in formation.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85143876777

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85143876777

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 940

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L53

ER -

Vanzella E, Castellano M, Bergamini P, Treu T, Mercurio A, Scarlata C et al. Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022 Dec 1;940(2):L53. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac8c2d

Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VII. Evidence for Lensed, Gravitationally Bound Protoglobular Clusters at z = 4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744* * Based on observations collected with JWST under the ERS program 1324 (PI T. Treu).

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