Endovascular techniques for vascular malformations of the spinal axis

Endovascular techniques have evolved remarkably in the past 20 years since the advent of the variable stiffness microcatheter. Advances in imaging, embolic materials, and the ability to deliver embolic agents safely have facilitated dramatic improvements in our ability to care for patients with spinal axis vascular lesions. Even more important in this work has been the accompanying growth in our understanding of these lesions. It is hoped that continued progress will lead to even greater improvements in our ability to care for patients with these conditions.