Evaluation of the Kinetics of Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Prospective Multicenter ORCHESTRA Cohort

The ORCHESTRA Study Group Workpackage

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10051021

Evaluation of the Kinetics of Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Prospective Multicenter ORCHESTRA Cohort

The ORCHESTRA Study Group Workpackage

Family , Population and Preventative Medicine

Microbiology Unit
IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
University of Bologna
University of Verona
Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)
Regional Center for Transplant Coordination
Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova
University of Padua
Hospital Trust of Verona
University and Hospital Trust of Verona
Azienda Sanitaria Ulss 6 Vicenza
Treviso Hospital
University of Antwerp

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

Previous studies assessing the antibody response (AbR) to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are limited by short follow-up, hampering the analysis of AbR kinetics. We present the ORCHESTRA SOT recipients cohort assessed for AbR at first dose (t0), second dose (t1), and within 3 ± 1 month (t2) after the first dose. We analyzed 1062 SOT patients (kidney, 63.7%; liver, 17.4%; heart, 16.7%; and lung, 2.5%) and 5045 health care workers (HCWs). The AbR rates in the SOTs and HCWs were 52.3% and 99.4%. The antibody levels were significantly higher in the HCWs than in the SOTs (p < 0.001). The kinetics showed an increase (p < 0.001) in antibody levels up to 76 days and a non-significant decrease after 118 days in the SOT recipients versus a decrease up to 76 days (p = 0.02) and a less pronounced decrease between 76 and 118 days (p = 0.04) in the HCWs. Upon multivariable analysis, liver transplant, ≥3 years from SOT, mRNA-1273, azathioprine, and longer time from t0 were associated with a positive AbR at t2. Older age, other comorbidities, mycophenolate, steroids, and impaired graft function were associated with lower AbR probability. Our results may be useful to optimize strategies of immune monitoring after COVID-19 vaccination and indications regarding timing for booster dosages calibrated on SOT patients’ characteristics.

Original language	English
Article number	1021
Journal	Microorganisms
Volume	10
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051021
State	Published - May 2022

Keywords

COVID-19
antibody response
mRNA vaccines
serology
solid organ transplantation

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10.3390/microorganisms10051021

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@article{7e76fab3a41a4b76b484164db091fdeb,

title = "Evaluation of the Kinetics of Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Prospective Multicenter ORCHESTRA Cohort",

abstract = "Previous studies assessing the antibody response (AbR) to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are limited by short follow-up, hampering the analysis of AbR kinetics. We present the ORCHESTRA SOT recipients cohort assessed for AbR at first dose (t0), second dose (t1), and within 3 ± 1 month (t2) after the first dose. We analyzed 1062 SOT patients (kidney, 63.7\%; liver, 17.4\%; heart, 16.7\%; and lung, 2.5\%) and 5045 health care workers (HCWs). The AbR rates in the SOTs and HCWs were 52.3\% and 99.4\%. The antibody levels were significantly higher in the HCWs than in the SOTs (p < 0.001). The kinetics showed an increase (p < 0.001) in antibody levels up to 76 days and a non-significant decrease after 118 days in the SOT recipients versus a decrease up to 76 days (p = 0.02) and a less pronounced decrease between 76 and 118 days (p = 0.04) in the HCWs. Upon multivariable analysis, liver transplant, ≥3 years from SOT, mRNA-1273, azathioprine, and longer time from t0 were associated with a positive AbR at t2. Older age, other comorbidities, mycophenolate, steroids, and impaired graft function were associated with lower AbR probability. Our results may be useful to optimize strategies of immune monitoring after COVID-19 vaccination and indications regarding timing for booster dosages calibrated on SOT patients{\textquoteright} characteristics.",

keywords = "COVID-19, antibody response, mRNA vaccines, serology, solid organ transplantation",

author = "\{The ORCHESTRA Study Group Workpackage\} and Maddalena Giannella and Elda Righi and Renato Pascale and Matteo Rinaldi and Natascia Caroccia and Chiara Gamberini and Palacios-Baena, \{Zaira R.\} and Giulia Caponcello and Morelli, \{Maria Cristina\} and Mariarosa Tam{\`e} and Marco Busutti and Giorgia Comai and Luciano Potena and Elena Salvaterra and Giuseppe Feltrin and Umberto Cillo and Gino Gerosa and Mara Cananzi and Salvatore Piano and Elisa Benetti and Patrizia Burra and Monica Loy and Lucrezia Furian and Gianluigi Zaza and Francesco Onorati and Amedeo Carraro and Fiorella Gastaldon and Maurizio Nordio and Samir Kumar-Singh and Mahsa Abedini and Paolo Boffetta and Jes{\'u}s Rodr{\'i}guez-Ba{\~n}o and Tiziana Lazzarotto and Pierluigi Viale and Evelina Tacconelli",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2022",

month = may,

doi = "10.3390/microorganisms10051021",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

journal = "Microorganisms",

issn = "2076-2607",

number = "5",

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T1 - Evaluation of the Kinetics of Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

T2 - The Prospective Multicenter ORCHESTRA Cohort

AU - The ORCHESTRA Study Group Workpackage

AU - Giannella, Maddalena

AU - Righi, Elda

AU - Pascale, Renato

AU - Rinaldi, Matteo

AU - Caroccia, Natascia

AU - Gamberini, Chiara

AU - Palacios-Baena, Zaira R.

AU - Caponcello, Giulia

AU - Morelli, Maria Cristina

AU - Tamè, Mariarosa

AU - Busutti, Marco

AU - Comai, Giorgia

AU - Potena, Luciano

AU - Salvaterra, Elena

AU - Feltrin, Giuseppe

AU - Cillo, Umberto

AU - Gerosa, Gino

AU - Cananzi, Mara

AU - Piano, Salvatore

AU - Benetti, Elisa

AU - Burra, Patrizia

AU - Loy, Monica

AU - Furian, Lucrezia

AU - Zaza, Gianluigi

AU - Onorati, Francesco

AU - Carraro, Amedeo

AU - Gastaldon, Fiorella

AU - Nordio, Maurizio

AU - Kumar-Singh, Samir

AU - Abedini, Mahsa

AU - Boffetta, Paolo

AU - Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús

AU - Lazzarotto, Tiziana

AU - Viale, Pierluigi

AU - Tacconelli, Evelina

PY - 2022/5

Y1 - 2022/5

N2 - Previous studies assessing the antibody response (AbR) to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are limited by short follow-up, hampering the analysis of AbR kinetics. We present the ORCHESTRA SOT recipients cohort assessed for AbR at first dose (t0), second dose (t1), and within 3 ± 1 month (t2) after the first dose. We analyzed 1062 SOT patients (kidney, 63.7%; liver, 17.4%; heart, 16.7%; and lung, 2.5%) and 5045 health care workers (HCWs). The AbR rates in the SOTs and HCWs were 52.3% and 99.4%. The antibody levels were significantly higher in the HCWs than in the SOTs (p < 0.001). The kinetics showed an increase (p < 0.001) in antibody levels up to 76 days and a non-significant decrease after 118 days in the SOT recipients versus a decrease up to 76 days (p = 0.02) and a less pronounced decrease between 76 and 118 days (p = 0.04) in the HCWs. Upon multivariable analysis, liver transplant, ≥3 years from SOT, mRNA-1273, azathioprine, and longer time from t0 were associated with a positive AbR at t2. Older age, other comorbidities, mycophenolate, steroids, and impaired graft function were associated with lower AbR probability. Our results may be useful to optimize strategies of immune monitoring after COVID-19 vaccination and indications regarding timing for booster dosages calibrated on SOT patients’ characteristics.

AB - Previous studies assessing the antibody response (AbR) to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are limited by short follow-up, hampering the analysis of AbR kinetics. We present the ORCHESTRA SOT recipients cohort assessed for AbR at first dose (t0), second dose (t1), and within 3 ± 1 month (t2) after the first dose. We analyzed 1062 SOT patients (kidney, 63.7%; liver, 17.4%; heart, 16.7%; and lung, 2.5%) and 5045 health care workers (HCWs). The AbR rates in the SOTs and HCWs were 52.3% and 99.4%. The antibody levels were significantly higher in the HCWs than in the SOTs (p < 0.001). The kinetics showed an increase (p < 0.001) in antibody levels up to 76 days and a non-significant decrease after 118 days in the SOT recipients versus a decrease up to 76 days (p = 0.02) and a less pronounced decrease between 76 and 118 days (p = 0.04) in the HCWs. Upon multivariable analysis, liver transplant, ≥3 years from SOT, mRNA-1273, azathioprine, and longer time from t0 were associated with a positive AbR at t2. Older age, other comorbidities, mycophenolate, steroids, and impaired graft function were associated with lower AbR probability. Our results may be useful to optimize strategies of immune monitoring after COVID-19 vaccination and indications regarding timing for booster dosages calibrated on SOT patients’ characteristics.

KW - COVID-19

KW - antibody response

KW - mRNA vaccines

KW - serology

KW - solid organ transplantation

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85130151117

U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms10051021

DO - 10.3390/microorganisms10051021

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85130151117

SN - 2076-2607

VL - 10

JO - Microorganisms

JF - Microorganisms

IS - 5

M1 - 1021

ER -

Evaluation of the Kinetics of Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Prospective Multicenter ORCHESTRA Cohort

Abstract

Keywords

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