Examining the model dependence of the determination of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in small collision system

The transverse momentum distributions of the identified particles produced in small collision systems at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have been analyzed by four models. The first two models utilize the blast-wave model with different statistics. The last two models employ certain linear correspondences based on different distributions. The four models describe the experimental data measured by the Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction eXperiment, Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC, and A Large Ion Collider Experiment collaborations equally well. It is found that both the kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in the central collisions are comparable with those in the peripheral collisions. With the increase of collision energy from that of the RHIC to that of the LHC, the considered quantities typically do not decrease. Comparing with the central collisions, the proton–proton collisions are closer to the peripheral collisions.