First-principles study of pyroelectricity in GaN and ZnO

First-principles calculations are made for the primary pyroelectric coefficients of wurtzite GaN and ZnO. The pyroelectricity is attributed to the quasiharmonic thermal shifts of internal strains (internal displacements of cations and anions carrying their Born effective charges). The primary (zero-external-strain) pyroelectricity dominates at low temperatures, while the secondary pyroelectricity (the correction from external thermal strains) becomes comparable with the primary pyroelectricity at high temperatures. Contributions from the acoustic and the optical phonon modes to the primary pyroelectric coefficient are only moderately well described by the corresponding Debye and Einstein functions, respectively.