Geodesic planes in a geometrically finite end and the halo of a measured lamination

Recent works [22,23,3,33] have shed light on the topological behavior of geodesic planes in the convex core of a geometrically finite hyperbolic 3-manifold M of infinite volume. In this paper, we focus on the remaining case of geodesic planes outside the convex core of M, giving a complete classification of their closures in M. In particular, we show that the behavior is different depending on whether exotic roofs exist or not. Here an exotic roof is a geodesic plane contained in an end E of M, which limits on the convex core boundary ∂E, but cannot be separated from the core by a support plane of ∂E. A necessary condition for the existence of exotic roofs is the existence of exotic rays for the bending lamination. Here an exotic ray is a geodesic ray that has a finite intersection number with a measured lamination L but is not asymptotic to any leaf nor eventually disjoint from L. We establish that exotic rays exist if and only if L is not a multicurve. The proof is constructive, and the ideas involved are important in the construction of exotic roofs. We also show that the existence of geodesic rays satisfying a stronger condition than being exotic, phrased only in terms of the hyperbolic surface ∂E and the bending lamination, is sufficient for the existence of exotic roofs. As a result, we show that geometrically finite ends with exotic roofs exist in every genus. Moreover, in genus 1, when the end is homotopic to a punctured torus, a generic one (in the sense of Baire category) contains uncountably many exotic roofs.