Hepatitis A and B vaccination practices for ambulatory patients infected with HIV

Few studies exist of adherence to guidelines for vaccination of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis in the HIV Outpatient Study sites, 198 (32.4%) of 612 patients eligible for hepatitis B vaccine received at least 1 dose. In multivariate analysis, hepatitis B vaccination was associated with HIV risk category, education level, and number of visits to the HIV clinic per year. Among 716 patients eligible for hepatitis A vaccine, 167 (23.3%) received ≥1 dose. Response to hepatitis B vaccination was associated with higher nadir CD4⁺ cell counts (P = .008) and HIV RNA levels less than the level of detection (P = .04), although some response was documented at all CD4 ⁺ levels. Although there were low rates of complete hepatitis vaccination in this cohort of ambulatory patients, prompt efforts to vaccinate patients entering care, receipt of antiretroviral therapy, and practice reminder systems may enhance vaccination practices.