Hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: Review and update

Purpose of reviewThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypogonadism continues to rise in the United States and around the world. These two conditions are inexorably linked, and understanding their relationship with each other is key to treating men with either of these conditions.Recent findingsTestosterone has been shown to be a key regulator in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. A large volume of research has found that testosterone deficiency is closely linked to metabolic syndrome through complex physiologic mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and glucose metabolism.SummaryInterventions through lifestyle modification and testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men may reduce the morbidity and mortality risks associated with metabolic syndrome.