Implicit Z_busGauss Algorithm Revisited

The implicit Zbus Gauss algorithm is revisited to empower the power flow analysis for microgrids with hierarchical control and frequency- and voltage- dependent loads. The contributions of the revisited Gauss (GRev) algorithm include: 1) a droop-based implicit Zbus Gauss microgrid algorithm which automatically incorporates the distributed energy resources (DERs)/load droop effects; 2) new formulations which accurately integrate the secondary control adjustments for power sharing and voltage regulation. Case studies verify the efficacy, robustness and excellent convergence performance of GRev for both radial and meshed microgrids.