Is monumentality in the eye of the beholder? Lessons from constructed spaces in Africa

Archaeological investigations in Africa have revealed numerous structures and other architectural features whose purposes transcended daily domestic activities. Compared to prototypical instances of monumental architecture (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, the Andes), many public structures in Africa appear in unusual economic circumstances (herding without farming) or amidst less extreme social differentiation. Although often smaller in scale and employing different structural elements, African constructions combine open and restricted spaces to shape human experience. Examining these public structures and spaces is leading Africanist archaeologists, like those on other continents, to reconsider definitions of monumentality, the causes for its inception and the purposes that it served.