Lensless X-Ray Nanoimaging: Revolutions and opportunities

Lensless X-ray nanoimaging provides 3D views of a wide range of materials with a spatial resolution better than 10 nm. These advances are enabled in part by dramatic gains in coherent X-ray flux, but they also rely on advances in signal processing to obtain images from coherent diffraction data. We outline the scientific problems that can be addressed by X-ray nanoimaging, the various imaging approaches and their associated reconstruction methods, and highlight opportunities for future advances.