Low dose CT reconstruction with nonlocal means-based prior predicted from normal-dose CT database

The penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) image reconstruction with the widely used edge-preserving nonlocal means (NLM) penalty has shown the potential to significantly improve the image quality for low dose CT (LDCT). Considering the nonlocal weights have significant effects for the smoothness and resolution of the reconstruction, much effort has been made to improve their accuracy. A high quality image of normal dose with less noise and artifacts is sometimes used for the weight's calculation to further improvement. However, registration should be employed first when misalignment between the low-dose and normal-dose scans cannot be ignored. It will bring an extra work and the effect of registration error on the proposed method are uncertain. The paper aims to propose a new NLM prior model based on normal-dose CT (NDCT) without registration, by predicting nonlocal weights with selecting most similar patch samples from FDCT database. The patch samples are determined by evaluating the similarity between patches from NDCT and the target patch of LDCT. After building up the normal dose based NLM penalty, the PWLS object function is iteratively minimized for reconstruction. Preliminary reconstruction with LDCT data has shown its potential in the structure detail preservation.