Magnetite Survivability and Non-Stoichiometric Magnetite Formation in Presence of Oxyhalogen Brines on Mars

The mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) mineral magnetite [Fe₃O₄] of various stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric compositions have been reported in Martian soils and rocks by several rover missions. Magnetite is an important paleomagnetic indicator mineral and can serve as a ‘biogeobattery’ as a consequence of its magnetic properties and the mixed valence state of iron in its structure. Here, we assess the extent of oxidative weathering of magnetite in presence of chlorate and bromate containing solutions that are likely important oxidants on Mars. Oxyhalogen species, chlorate and bromate, produced non-stoichiometric magnetite [Fe(II)/Fe(III) < 0.5] in Mars-relevant, near-neutral pH fluids; no other ferric minerals were produced. The same results were observed in highly acidic fluids with or without oxyhalogens. Owing to its resistance to extensive oxidation, magnetite can serve as an important archive of geochemical, paleomagnetic, and astrobiological information in samples that will be returned by the Mars Sample Return mission.