Mechanical Circulatory Support in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the United States (from the National Inpatient Sample)

Acute circulatory collapse may rarely occur during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In such cases, immediate mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as a bridge to remedial interventions may be required. To define the rate of MCS utilization in TAVI patients and identify the predictors of MCS utilization in a cohort of TAVI patients. TAVI patients between January 2012 and September 2015 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) by using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. Trend weights were used to generate the national estimates of MCS rate in TAVI. Multivariate regression analysis was done to identify predictors of MCS use. A total 60,985 patients underwent TAVI with 1,695 patients receiving MCS (2.8%) during index hospitalization. The most common type of MCS was intra-aortic balloon pump in 52%, followed by extra corporeal membrane oxygenator in 34%, then percutaneous ventricular assist device in 7.4%. Rate of MCS use declined over the study period from 3% in 2012 (Q1) to 1.8% in 2015 (Q3). The use of MCS during TAVI was associated with 10-fold increase in-hospital mortality (27.1% vs 2.8%, p <0.001). Predictors of MCS were congestive heart failure (OR = 2.58, p <0.001), transapical access (OR = 1.92, p <0.001), respiratory complication (OR = 5.19, p <0.001), acute myocardial infarction (OR = 4.21, p <0.001), cardiac arrest (OR = 10.65, p <0.001), and cardiogenic shock (OR = 19.09, p <0.001). In conclusion, the rate of MCS during TAVI hospitalization in the United States declined between 2012 and 2015. MCS during TAVI was associated with a 10-fold increase in in-hospital mortality.