Missing Voices: Non-Human Animals as Stakeholders in Engineering Design

The role of the engineer is to respond to a need by building or creating something along a certain set of guidelines (or specifications) which performs a given function. Just as importantly, that device, plan, or creation should perform its function without fail. Of course, in discussing what success means in terms of the engineered world, we must consider for whom an engineered device or system is made, and, perhaps even more importantly, who (or even what) it might affect. Even if it seems to function as intended, an engineered system might be considered a failure (or even a disaster) if it causes irreparable harm to people, society, or the environment.