Multiple sclerosis biomarkers

Biomarker refers to an objective characteristic that can be evaluated and measured. It may reflect a normal biological process, a pathogenic process, or a response to therapy. In a recent review, different levels of biomarkers and endpoints were defined (Table 1) (1). One type of biomarker, previously termed surrogate marker, is now referred to as surrogate endpoint. The term surrogate indicates a biomarker with excellent clinical correlation, which provides reliable information more rapidly than clinical assessment and follow-up. The value of established biomarkers to diagnose and manage human diseases is unquestioned. The difficulty is in the identification and validation processes. Role in Multiple Sclerosis.