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Neutron-Multiplicity Measurement in Muon Capture on Oxygen Nuclei in the Gadolinium-Loaded Super-Kamiokande Detector

  • S. Miki
  • , K. Abe
  • , S. Abe
  • , Y. Asaoka
  • , C. Bronner
  • , M. Harada
  • , Y. Hayato
  • , K. Hiraide
  • , K. Hosokawa
  • , K. Ieki
  • , M. Ikeda
  • , J. Kameda
  • , Y. Kanemura
  • , R. Kaneshima
  • , Y. Kashiwagi
  • , Y. Kataoka
  • , S. Mine
  • , M. Miura
  • , S. Moriyama
  • , M. Nakahata
  • S. Nakayama, Y. Noguchi, K. Okamoto, G. Pronost, K. Sato, H. Sekiya, H. Shiba, K. Shimizu, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, A. Takenaka, H. Tanaka, S. Watanabe, T. Yano, T. Kajita, K. Okumura, T. Tashiro, T. Tomiya, X. Wang, S. Yoshida, G. D. Megias, P. Fernandez, L. Labarga, N. Ospina, B. Zaldivar, B. W. Pointon, C. Yanagisawa, E. Kearns, J. L. Raaf, L. Wan, T. Wester, J. Bian, B. Cortez, N. J. Griskevich, S. Locke, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, V. Takhistov, A. Yankelevich, J. Hill, M. C. Jang, S. H. Lee, D. H. Moon, R. G. Park, B. S. Yang, B. Bodur, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, A. Beauchêne, O. Drapier, A. Ershova, A. Giampaolo, Th A. Mueller, A. D. Santos, P. Paganini, C. Quach, B. Quilain, R. Rogly, T. Nakamura, J. S. Jang, R. P. Litchfield, L. N. Machado, F. J.P. Soler, J. G. Learned, K. Choi, N. Iovine, S. Cao, L. H.V. Anthony, D. Martin, N. W. Prouse, M. Scott, A. A. Sztuc, Y. Uchida, V. Berardi, N. F. Calabria, M. G. Catanesi, E. Radicioni, N. F. Calabria, A. Langella, G. De Rosa, G. Collazuol, M. Feltre, F. Iacob, M. Lamoureux, M. Mattiazzi, L. Ludovici, M. Gonin, L. Périssé, B. Quilain, C. Fujisawa, S. Horiuchi, M. Kobayashi, Y. M. Liu, Y. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, R. Okazaki, R. Akutsu, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, M. Jakkapu, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, A. Portocarrero Yrey, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, N. Bhuiyan, G. T. Burton, F. Di Lodovico, J. Gao, A. Goldsack, T. Katori, J. Migenda, R. M. Ramsden, Z. Xie, S. Zsoldos, Y. Kotsar, H. Ozaki, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Takagi, Y. Takeuchi, H. Zhong, J. Feng, L. Feng, S. Han, J. R. Hu, Z. Hu, M. Kawaue, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, T. Nakaya, T. V. Ngoc, R. A. Wendell, K. Yasutome, S. J. Jenkins, N. McCauley, P. Mehta, A. Tarrant, M. J. Wilking, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, H. Menjo, K. Ninomiya, Y. Yoshioka, J. Lagoda, M. Mandal, P. Mijakowski, Y. S. Prabhu, J. Zalipska, M. Jia, J. Jiang, C. K. Jung, W. Shi, M. J. Wilking, Y. Hino, H. Ishino, H. Kitagawa, Y. Koshio, F. Nakanishi, S. Sakai, T. Tada, T. Tano, T. Ishizuka, G. Barr, D. Barrow, L. Cook, S. Samani, D. Wark, A. Holin, F. Nova, S. Jung, B. S. Yang, J. Y. Yang, J. Yoo, J. E.P. Fannon, L. Kneale, M. Malek, J. M. McElwee, T. Peacock, P. Stowell, M. D. Thiesse, L. F. Thompson, S. T. Wilson, H. Okazawa, S. M. Lakshmi, S. B. Kim, E. Kwon, M. W. Lee, J. W. Seo, I. Yu, A. K. Ichikawa, K. D. Nakamura, S. Tairafune, K. Nishijima, A. Eguchi, S. Goto, Y. Mizuno, T. Muro, K. Nakagiri, Y. Nakajima, S. Shima, N. Taniuchi, E. Watanabe, M. Yokoyama, P. De Perio, S. Fujita, C. Jesús-Valls, K. Martens, Ll Marti, K. M. Tsui, M. R. Vagins, J. Xia, M. Kuze, S. Izumiyama, R. Matsumoto, K. Terada, R. Asaka, M. Ishitsuka, H. Ito, T. Kinoshita, Y. Ommura, N. Shigeta, M. Shinoki, T. Suganuma, K. Yamauchi, T. Yoshida, J. F. Martin, H. A. Tanaka, T. Towstego, Y. Nakano, F. Cormier, R. Gaur, V. Gousy-Leblanc, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, X. Li, B. R. Smithers, S. Chen, Y. Wu, B. D. Xu, A. Q. Zhang, B. Zhang, M. Girgus, P. Govindaraj, M. Posiadala-Zezula, S. B. Boyd, R. Edwards, D. Hadley, M. Nicholson, M. O'Flaherty, B. Richards, A. Ali, B. Jamieson, S. Amanai, A. Minamino, G. Pintaudi, S. Sano, R. Shibayama, R. Shimamura, S. Suzuki, K. Wada
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  • Duke University
  • Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
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  • Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
  • University of Glasgow
  • University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
  • Institute for Basic Science
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  • National Institute for Nuclear Physics
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  • University of Liverpool
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  • National Centre for Nuclear Research
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  • STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
  • Seoul National University
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  • Shizuoka University of Welfare
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Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

In recent neutrino detectors, neutrons produced in neutrino reactions play an important role. Muon capture on oxygen nuclei is one of the processes that produce neutrons in water Cherenkov detectors. We measured neutron multiplicity in the process using cosmic ray muons that stop in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande detector. For this measurement, neutron detection efficiency is obtained with the muon capture events followed by gamma rays to be 50.2-2.1+2.0%. By fitting the observed multiplicity considering the detection efficiency, we measure neutron multiplicity in muon capture as P(0)=24±3%, P(1)=70-2+3%, P(2)=6.1±0.5%, P(3)=0.38±0.09%. This is the first measurement of the multiplicity of neutrons associated with muon capture on oxygen without neutron energy threshold.

Original languageEnglish
Article number131801
JournalPhysical Review Letters
Volume136
Issue number13
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 3 2026

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