NF-κB, inflammation and pancreatic carcinogenesis: NF-κB as a chemoprevention target (review)

Pancreatic cancer is the most deadly of all gastrointestinal malignancies with near zero five-year survival. This review summarizes our understanding of the potentially important role of inflammation in cancer in general and pancreatic cancer in particular. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a mediator of inflammatory responses, plays a significant role in carcinogenesis and is now emerging as a link between inflammation and cancer. NF-κB is activated in over two thirds of human pancreatic cancers; participates in early events of pancreatic carcinogenesis through its interactions with signaling pathways; and suppression of its activation restores pancreatic cell kinetics, mainly normalizing the suppressed apoptosis of pancreatic cancer. NF-κB is an excellent target for chemoprevention and its modulation for pancreatic cancer prevention appears promising. The next few years will likely expand our understanding of NF-κB biology; solidify NF-κB's role as a major link between chronic inflammation and pancreatic carcinogenesis; and witness the development of NF-κB-based approaches to pancreatic cancer prevention.