Nonprofit stakeholder response to going-concern audit opinions

Using a sample of industry-diverse nonprofit organizations, we find support for stake-holders’ use of nonprofit going-concern audit opinion (GCO) reports. We study the reactions of the three largest nonprofit stakeholder groups: donors, service recipients, and managers. Our findings suggest that although large (sophisticated) donors respond negatively to a GCO, small (unsophisticated) donors contribute more following a GCO. We also find that service recipients spend more at service-oriented organizations than at charitable nonprofits following a GCO. Finally, managers respond to a GCO by increasing organizational efficiency at service-oriented organizations. Taken together, the evidence suggests that GCOs are informative in the nonprofit sector, and stakeholders’ responses to GCOs depend on stakeholder and organization type.