Outerbridge Grade IV Cartilage Lesions in the Hip Identified at Arthroscopy

Purpose To determine factors associated with grade IV cartilage defects in the hip in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy with joint pain. Methods Data from consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroscopy performed by a single surgeon over a period of 4 years were included in this study. The study group included 1,097 patients (491 women and 606 men; mean age, 37 years) who underwent hip arthroscopy for pain, had no prior hip surgery, and were aged 18 years or older. Preoperative radiographs, patient demographic characteristics, and operative details were used to identify risk factors for cartilage defects. Results Grade IV chondral defects were present in 308 of 1,097 hips (28%). Isolated chondral lesions were more frequently observed on the acetabulum (76%) than on the femoral head (24%). Defects of the acetabulum were more commonly anterosuperior (94.7%) and less commonly posterolateral (5.3%). Patients with less than 2 mm of joint space on preoperative radiographs were 8 times more likely to have a grade IV lesion than those with more than 2 mm. Men were more likely than women to have grade IV lesions (35% v 19%, P =.0001); patients with grade IV lesions were older than those without (42 years v 34 years, P =.0001). Hips with grade IV lesions had significantly higher alpha angles than those without (74° v 70°, P =.0001). Patients with grade IV defects reported a longer duration of symptoms than those without (37 months v 27 months, P =.007). Independent risk factors for the presence of grade IV chondral defects were less than 2 mm of joint space, male gender, increasing age, larger alpha angle, and longer duration of symptoms. Conclusions Grade IV chondral defects in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were associated with decreased joint space, increased time from symptom onset to arthroscopy, male gender, and larger alpha angles associated with femoroacetabular impingement. Level of Evidence Level IV, prognostic case series.