Patient monitoring, equipment, and intravenous fluids

Standard monitoring Monitoring is one of the most important aspects of the practice of sedation. An appropriately trained and experienced healthcare provider is considered the only indispensable monitor for the immediate supervision of the staff as well as the observation of the patient. Indeed, a qualified healthcare provider is the main determinant of patient safety during sedation and anesthesia [1–4]. Therefore, any physician or other healthcare provider who will be involved in patient care during any procedure requiring sedation should be clinically competent in the practice of resuscitation and monitoring. The reader is referred to the Guidelines and Standards section of the book, and needs to be familiar with specialty-specific monitoring practice advisories. Furthermore, healthcare providers should be familiar with monitoring equipment and be able to interpret the data obtained from it. Mechanical and electronic monitors are a good resource and can provide useful information to assist the healthcare provider in ensuring the integrity of vital organs and proper perfusion and oxygenation of tissue [1]. Although monitoring will not prevent all adverse events or accidents in the perioperative period, there is vast evidence that it will improve patient safety by detecting the consequences of errors and by giving early warning that the condition of a patient is deteriorating.