Position Paper: Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis: Advances, Clinical Translation, and Emerging Frontiers

Over the past five years, artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced new models and methods for addressing the challenges associated with the broader adoption of AI models and systems in medicine. This paper reviews recent advances in AI for medical image and video analysis, outlines emerging paradigms, highlights pathways for successful clinical translation, and provides recommendations for future work. Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Transformer architectures now deliver state-of-the-art results in segmentation, classification, reconstruction, synthesis, and registration. Foundation and generative AI models enable the use of transfer learning to smaller datasets with limited ground truth. Federated learning supports privacy-preserving collaboration across institutions. Explainable and trustworthy AI approaches have become essential to foster clinician trust, ensure regulatory compliance, and facilitate ethical deployment. Together, these developments pave the way for integrating AI into radiology, pathology, and wider healthcare workflows.