Resource Allocation and Consensus of Blockchains in Pervasive Edge Computing Environments

Edge devices with sensing, storage, and communication resources are penetrating our daily lives. These resources make it possible for edge devices to conduct data transactions (e.g., micro-payments, micro-access control). The blockchain technology can be used to ensure transaction unmodifiable and undeniable. In this paper, we propose a blockchain system that adapts to the limitations of edge devices. The new blockchain system can fairly and efficiently allocate storage resources on edge devices, which makes it scalable. We find the optimal peer nodes for transaction data storage and propose a recent block storage allocation scheme for quick retrieval of missing blocks. We develop data migration algorithms to dynamically reallocate data and block storage to adapt topology changes in the network. The proposed blockchain system can also reach consensus with low energy consumption in edge devices with a new Proof of Stake mechanism. Extensive simulations show that our proposed blockchain system works efficiently in edge environments. On average, the new system uses 18.4 percent less time and consumes 87 percent less battery power when compared with traditional blockchain systems.