Selective Diffusion Distillation for Real-World High-Scale Image Super-Resolution

High-scale image super-resolution (SR) has become increasingly important with the rapid growth of mobile devices and high-resolution displays. However, current SR methods primarily focus on lower scales and generalize poorly to high-scale scenarios due to severe information loss and complex real-world degradations. In this paper, we propose a novel Selective Diffusion Distillation (SDD) framework for real-world high-scale SR, which distills reliable knowledge from a low-scale diffusion teacher to a high-scale student. Specifically, considering severe information loss in high-scale inputs, directly distilling from low-scale models may result in feature misalignment. To address this, we introduce a Degradation-aware Metric Learning (DML) approach to align feature distributions across different degradation levels. In addition, since the diffusion-based teacher may hallucinate artifacts in ambiguous regions, blindly imitating these unreliable outputs can degrade the student’s fidelity. To tackle this, we propose a Region-aware Selective Distillation (RSD) strategy to filter out uncertain predictions and adaptively supervise only on reliable areas. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we introduce Real-UltraSR, a new real-world benchmark that contains diverse high-scale LR-HR pairs, including ×8, ×10, ×12, and ×14. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our SDD framework achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple benchmarks.