TY - CHAP
T1 - Structural analysis of biological and technical nanocomposites by X-ray scattering
AU - Nawanit, P.
AU - Zhou, H.
AU - Chu, B.
AU - Burger, C.
AU - Hsiao, B. S.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Nanocomposites are an interesting class of materials where the mechanical properties and other characteristics of a polymeric matrix are modified, usually strongly enhanced, by inclusion of a nanoscopically dispersed crystalline inorganic filler. Crucial parameters are not only the volume fraction of the filler but also and especially the total interface area of the heterogeneous composite system. Nanocomposites are of great significance both for naturally occurring and for artificially synthesized materials. The heterogeneous nature of the nanocomposites ensures a good density contrast at the relevant length scales so that X-ray scattering techniques can provide useful qualitative and quantitative information about the nanocomposite structure and its preferred orientation. In this chapter, the structural analysis of two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns is discussed for polymer-inorganic nanocomposites filled with platelet-shaped mineral crystals showing preferred orientation. Two examples are analyzed in detail: (1) Synthetic nanocomposites of polymers filled with organically modified clay and (2) the biological nanocomposite bone consisting of a fibrous collagen matrix with embedded nano-sized apatite platelets. In both cases, the application of adequate analysis techniques leads to significant quantitative and qualitative structural information that goes well beyond what would be achieved using less refined methods.
AB - Nanocomposites are an interesting class of materials where the mechanical properties and other characteristics of a polymeric matrix are modified, usually strongly enhanced, by inclusion of a nanoscopically dispersed crystalline inorganic filler. Crucial parameters are not only the volume fraction of the filler but also and especially the total interface area of the heterogeneous composite system. Nanocomposites are of great significance both for naturally occurring and for artificially synthesized materials. The heterogeneous nature of the nanocomposites ensures a good density contrast at the relevant length scales so that X-ray scattering techniques can provide useful qualitative and quantitative information about the nanocomposite structure and its preferred orientation. In this chapter, the structural analysis of two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns is discussed for polymer-inorganic nanocomposites filled with platelet-shaped mineral crystals showing preferred orientation. Two examples are analyzed in detail: (1) Synthetic nanocomposites of polymers filled with organically modified clay and (2) the biological nanocomposite bone consisting of a fibrous collagen matrix with embedded nano-sized apatite platelets. In both cases, the application of adequate analysis techniques leads to significant quantitative and qualitative structural information that goes well beyond what would be achieved using less refined methods.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/67649510970
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-540-95968-7_8
DO - 10.1007/978-3-540-95968-7_8
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:67649510970
SN - 9783540959670
T3 - Lecture Notes in Physics
SP - 183
EP - 198
BT - Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences
A2 - Ezquerra, T.A.
A2 - Garcia-Gomez, MariCruz
A2 - Gomez, Marian
ER -