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Texture-specific elemental analysis of rocks and soils with PIXL: The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry on Mars 2020

  • Abigail Allwood
  • , Ben Clark
  • , David Flannery
  • , Joel Hurowitz
  • , Lawrence Wade
  • , Tim Elam
  • , Marc Foote
  • , Emily Knowles
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
  • Space Science Institute
  • University of Washington

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

38 Scopus citations

Abstract

PIXL (Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry) is a micro-focus X-ray fluorescence instrument for examining fine scale chemical variations in rocks and soils on planetary surfaces. Selected for flight on the science payload for the proposed Mars 2020 rover, PIXL can measure elemental chemistry of tiny features observed in rocks, such as individual sand grains, veinlets, cements, concretions and crystals, using a 100 μm-diameter, high-flux X-ray beam that can be scanned across target surfaces. At the heart of PIXL, a polycapillary X-ray focusing optic focuses the X-ray beam down to a -I00J.1m spot. The optic is coupled to a state-of-the-art miniature microfocus X-ray tube. The X-ray beam produced by the focused X-ray source yields extremely high fluorescent X-ray count rates, enabling sensitive analysis of each spot in a few seconds. In 5-10 seconds, PIXL reveals major and minor elements in a sample. In 1 to 2 minutes, sensitive trace element analysis is achieved. Different measurement strategies allow flexibility during operations to respond to scientific opportunities and resource constraints. PIXL can perform line or grid measurements on abraded or natural (unabraded) surfaces. With operational flexibility, high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, a wide range of detectable elements, rapid spectral acquisition and a raster scanning capability for chemical mapping, PIXL would enable detailed insights to past habitability and the potential for preservation of biosignatures.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publication2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference, AERO 2015
PublisherIEEE Computer Society
ISBN (Electronic)9781479953790
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 5 2015
Event2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference, AERO 2015 - Big Sky, United States
Duration: Mar 7 2015Mar 14 2015

Publication series

NameIEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
Volume2015-June
ISSN (Print)1095-323X

Conference

Conference2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference, AERO 2015
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CityBig Sky
Period03/7/1503/14/15

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