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The Amber biomolecular simulation programs

  • David A. Case
  • , Thomas E. Cheatham
  • , Tom Darden
  • , Holger Gohlke
  • , Ray Luo
  • , Kenneth M. Merz
  • , Alexey Onufriev
  • , Carlos Simmerling
  • , Bing Wang
  • , Robert J. Woods
  • Scripps Research Institute
  • University of Utah
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Goethe University Frankfurt
  • University of California at Irvine
  • Pennsylvania State University
  • Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
  • University of Georgia

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

8484 Scopus citations

Abstract

We describe the development, current features, and some directions for future development of the Amber package of computer programs. This package evolved from a program that was constructed in the late 1970s to do Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement, and now contains a group of programs embodying a number of powerful tools of modern computational chemistry, focused on molecular dynamics and free energy calculations of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1668-1688
Number of pages21
JournalJournal of Computational Chemistry
Volume26
Issue number16
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2005

Keywords

  • Amber
  • Biomolecular simulation programs

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