TY - JOUR
T1 - The fraction of cancer attributable to ways of life, infections, occupation, and environmental agents in Brazil in 2020
AU - Azevedo E Silva, Gulnar
AU - De Moura, Lenildo
AU - Curado, Maria Paula
AU - Da Silva Gomes, Fabio
AU - Otero, Ubirani
AU - De Rezende, Leandro Fórnias Machado
AU - Daumas, Regina Paiva
AU - Guimarães, Raphael Mendonça
AU - Meira, Karina Cardoso
AU - Da Costa Leite, Iuri
AU - Valente, Joaquim Gonçalves
AU - Moreira, Ronaldo Ismério
AU - Koifman, Rosalina
AU - Malta, Deborah Carvalho
AU - De Campos Mello, Marcia Sarpa
AU - Guedes, Thiago Wagnos Guimarães
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Azevedo e Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2016/2
Y1 - 2016/2
N2 - Many human cancers develop as a result of exposure to risk factors related to the environment and ways of life. The aim of this study was to estimate attributable fractions of 25 types of cancers resulting from exposure to modifiable risk factors in Brazil. The prevalence of exposure to selected risk factors among adults was obtained from population-based surveys conducted from 2000 to 2008. Risk estimates were based on data drawn from metaanalyses or large, high quality studies. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) for a combination of risk factors, as well as the number of preventable deaths and cancer cases, were calculated for 2020. The known preventable risk factors studied will account for 34% of cancer cases among men and 35% among women in 2020, and for 46% and 39% deaths, respectively. The highest attributable fractions were estimated for tobacco smoking, infections, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, excess weight, reproductive factors, and physical inactivity. This is the first study to systematically estimate the fraction of cancer attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Brazil. Strategies for primary prevention of tobacco smoking and control of infection and the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity should be the main priorities in policies for cancer prevention in the country.
AB - Many human cancers develop as a result of exposure to risk factors related to the environment and ways of life. The aim of this study was to estimate attributable fractions of 25 types of cancers resulting from exposure to modifiable risk factors in Brazil. The prevalence of exposure to selected risk factors among adults was obtained from population-based surveys conducted from 2000 to 2008. Risk estimates were based on data drawn from metaanalyses or large, high quality studies. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) for a combination of risk factors, as well as the number of preventable deaths and cancer cases, were calculated for 2020. The known preventable risk factors studied will account for 34% of cancer cases among men and 35% among women in 2020, and for 46% and 39% deaths, respectively. The highest attributable fractions were estimated for tobacco smoking, infections, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, excess weight, reproductive factors, and physical inactivity. This is the first study to systematically estimate the fraction of cancer attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Brazil. Strategies for primary prevention of tobacco smoking and control of infection and the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity should be the main priorities in policies for cancer prevention in the country.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84959387593
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0148761
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0148761
M3 - Article
C2 - 26863517
AN - SCOPUS:84959387593
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 11
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 2
M1 - e0148761
ER -