The role of pharmacists in the management of acute kidney stones

Calculi in the urinary tract vary in composition, size, and location. Most kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, and they may lead to urinary obstruction, flank pain, hematuria, and an increased infection predisposition. Acute kidney stone management requires a thorough patient history, definitive diagnosis, supportive care, and possible surgical intervention. Long-term management focuses on addressing the underlying etiologies and preventing complications of treatment. Pharmacists should continue to identify drug-induced causes, promote public health information, and counsel patients on methods to avoid recurrent stone formation.