TY - GEN
T1 - The Role of Piracy in Quantum Proofs
AU - Broadbent, Anne
AU - Grilo, Alex B.
AU - Podder, Supartha
AU - Sikora, Jamie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
PY - 2026
Y1 - 2026
N2 - A well-known feature of quantum information is that it cannot, in general, be cloned. Recently, a number of quantum-enabled information-processing tasks have demonstrated various forms of uncloneability; among these forms, piracy is an adversarial model that gives maximal power to the adversary in controlling both a cloning-type attack, as well as the evaluation/verification stage. Here, we initiate the study of anti-piracy proof systems, which are proof systems that inherently prevent piracy attacks. We define anti-piracy proof systems, demonstrate such a proof system for an oracle problem, and also describe a candidate anti-piracy proof system for NP. We also study quantum proof systems that are cloneable and settle the famous QMA vs. QMA(2) debate in this setting. Lastly, we discuss how one can approach the QMA vs. QCMA question, by studying its cloneable variants.
AB - A well-known feature of quantum information is that it cannot, in general, be cloned. Recently, a number of quantum-enabled information-processing tasks have demonstrated various forms of uncloneability; among these forms, piracy is an adversarial model that gives maximal power to the adversary in controlling both a cloning-type attack, as well as the evaluation/verification stage. Here, we initiate the study of anti-piracy proof systems, which are proof systems that inherently prevent piracy attacks. We define anti-piracy proof systems, demonstrate such a proof system for an oracle problem, and also describe a candidate anti-piracy proof system for NP. We also study quantum proof systems that are cloneable and settle the famous QMA vs. QMA(2) debate in this setting. Lastly, we discuss how one can approach the QMA vs. QCMA question, by studying its cloneable variants.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105020012921
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-032-06754-8_10
DO - 10.1007/978-3-032-06754-8_10
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:105020012921
SN - 9783032067531
T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science
SP - 267
EP - 295
BT - Progress in Cryptology – LATINCRYPT 2025 - 9th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, Proceedings
A2 - Escudero, Daniel
A2 - Damgård, Ivan
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - 9th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, LATINCRYPT 2025
Y2 - 1 October 2025 through 3 October 2025
ER -