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The solar flare of the 14th of July 2000 (L3+C detector results)

  • P. Achard
  • , O. Adriani
  • , M. Aguilar-Benitez
  • , M. van den Akker
  • , J. Alcaraz
  • , G. Alemanni
  • , J. Allaby
  • , A. Aloisio
  • , M. G. Alviggi
  • , H. Anderhub
  • , V. P. Andreev
  • , F. Anselmo
  • , A. Arefiev
  • , T. Azemoon
  • , T. Aziz
  • , P. Bagnaia
  • , A. Bajo
  • , G. Baksay
  • , L. Baksay
  • , J. Bähr
  • S. V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillére, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B. L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J. J. Blaising, S. C. Blyth, G. J. Bobbink, A. B?hm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J. G. Branson, F. Brochu, J. D. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, T. Chiarusi, Y. H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. F. Chen, H. S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de laCruz, S. Cucciarelli, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, L. K. Ding, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M. T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, I. Duran, B. Echenard, E. Eline, El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F. J. Eppling, P. Extermann, G. Faber, M. A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J. H. Field, F. Filthaut, W. Fisher, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu Galaktionov, S. N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z. F. Gong, H. J. Grabosch, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, H. Groenstege, M. W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, Y. N. Guo, S. K. Gupta, V. K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L. J. Gutay, D. Haas, Ch Haller, D. Hatzifotiadou, Y. Hayashi, Z. X. He, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, H. jun, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S. R. Hou, A. X. Huo, N. Ito, B. N. Jin, P. Jindal, C. L. Jing, L. W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberrìa, V. Kantserov, M. Kaur, S. Kawakami, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, J. K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A. C. König, E. Kok, A. Korn, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, H. H. Kuang, R. W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, J. Kuijpers, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J. M. LeGoff, Y. Lei, H. Leich, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, L. Li, Z. C. Li, S. Likhoded, C. H. Lin, W. T. Lin, F. L. Linde, L. Lista, Z. A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y. S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W. G. Ma, X. H. Ma, Y. Q. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Mãna, J. Mans, J. P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R. R. McNeil, X. W. Meng, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W. J. Metzger, A. Mihul, A. van Mil, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G. B. Mohanty, B. Monteleoni, G. S. Muanza, A. J.M. Muijs, M. Musy, S. Nagy, R. Nahnhauer, V. A. Naumov, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, J. F. Parriaud, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pieri, M. Pioppi, P. A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, C. R. Qing, G. Rahal-Callot, M. A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P. G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, K. C. Ravindran, P. Razis, S. Rembeczki, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, P. Rewiersma, S. Riemann, A. Rojkov, L. Romero, A. Rosca, C. Rosemann, C. Rosenbleck, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, J. A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, B. Schoeneich, D. J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, C. Q. Shen, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D. P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L. Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J. D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X. W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, S. C.C. Ting, S. M. Ting, S. C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, G. Trowitzsch, C. Tully, K. L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, M. Unger, E. Valente, H. Verkooijen, R. T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, G. Viertel, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, V. Veszpremi, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A. A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, R. G. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. W. Wang, Z. M. Wang, M. Weber, R. van Wijk, T. A.M. Wijnen, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Y. P. Xu, Z. Z. Xu, B. Z. Yang, C. G. Yang, H. J. Yang, M. Yang, X. F. Yang, Z. G. Yao, S. C. Yeh, Z. Q. Yu, An Zalite, Yu Zalite, C. C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, J. Zhao, S. J. Zhou, G. Y. Zhu, R. Y. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, H. L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, M. Zöller, A. N.M. Zwart
  • University of Geneva
  • University of Florence
  • CIEMAT
  • Radboud University Nijmegen
  • University of Lausanne
  • CERN
  • University of Naples Federico II
  • Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
  • Louisiana State University
  • Petersburg Nuclear Physics InstituteGatchina
  • University of Bologna
  • Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
  • University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
  • University of Rome La Sapienza
  • Florida Institute of Technology
  • German Electron Synchrotron
  • University of Amsterdam
  • IN2P3-CNRS
  • Paul Scherrer Institute
  • Purdue University
  • University of Perugia
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Carnegie Mellon University
  • RWTH Aachen University
  • Hungarian Academy of Sciences
  • University of California at San Diego
  • University of Basilicata
  • National Central University
  • Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1
  • CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
  • University of Science and Technology of China
  • University of Salerno
  • University of California at Riverside
  • Princeton University
  • Northeastern University
  • University of Santiago de Compostela
  • California Institute of Technology
  • National Institute for Nuclear Physics
  • University College Dublin
  • University of Basel
  • Osaka Metropolitan University
  • Humboldt University of Berlin
  • Panjab University
  • Kyungpook National University
  • University of Bucharest
  • University of Debrecen
  • University of Cyprus
  • Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
  • National Tsing Hua University
  • ICSC - World Laboratory

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aims. Several experiments have reported observations on possible correlations between the flux of high energy muons and intense solar flares. If confirmed, these observations would have significant implications for acceleration processes in the heliosphere able to accelerate protons and other ions to energies of at least tens of GeV. Methods. The solar flare of the 14 of July 2000 offered a unique opportunity for the L3+C experiment to search for a correlated enhancement in the flux of muons using the L3 precision muon spectrometer. Its capabilities for observing a directional excess in the flux of muons above 15 GeV (corresponding to primary proton energies above 40 GeV) are presented along with observations made on the 14th of July 2000. Results. We report an excess which appeared at a time coincident with the peak increase of solar protons observed at lower energies. The probability that the excess is a background fluctuation is estimated to be 1 %. No similar excess of the muon flux was observed up to 1.5 h after the solar flare time.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)351-357
Number of pages7
JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
Volume456
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2006

Keywords

  • Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
  • Sun: flares

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