The vomiting neonate: A review of the ACR appropriateness criteria and ultrasound's role in the workup of such patients

Ultrasound (US) plays a central role in the diagnostic imaging workup for infantile vomiting. This paper reviews the major causes of vomiting in the first months of life and the use of US and other modalities for their imaging assessment. The differential diagnostic possibilities are reviewed by examining 3 clinical scenarios of bilious vomiting during the first days of life, nonbilious vomiting since birth, and projectile vomiting first occurring after several weeks of life. These are the 3 scenarios that were used for the American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria for Vomiting in Infants up to 3 Months of Age.