Thermocouple-tip-exposing temperature assessment technique for evaluating photothermal conversion efficiency of plasmonic nanoparticles at low laser power density

A new thermocouple (TC) tip-exposing temperature assessment technique that combines experimental temperature measurements with a numerical model of the photothermal conversion efficiency η is presented. The proposed technique is designed to evaluate η for a gold-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO-Au NP) solution (26 nm, 12-70 ppm) at low continuous wave laser power (103 mW, 532 nm) irradiation in a convenient manner under ambient conditions. The TC tip temperature is measured during the first 30 s of the laser exposure, and the results are combined with a finite element model to simulate the temperature rise of the NP solution for a given concentration. The value of η is adjusted in the model until the model agrees with the measured transient TC temperature rise. Values of η = 1.00 were observed for all concentrations. Theoretical predictions of η derived by Mie theory confirmed the near unity conversion efficiency of the as-synthesized SPIO-Au NPs. Advantages of the current technique include co-locating the TC tip in the geometric center of the laser-heated region, rather than outside of this region. In addition, the technique can be done under ambient room conditions using unmodified commercially available hardware.