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Time Variation in the TeV Cosmic Ray Anisotropy with IceCube and Energy Dependence of the Solar Dipole

  • Icecube Collaboration
  • University of Delaware
  • RWTH Aachen University
  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
  • Adelaide University
  • Loyola University Chicago
  • German Electron Synchrotron
  • University of Canterbury
  • University of Wisconsin-Madison
  • Université libre de Bruxelles
  • University of Copenhagen
  • TU Dortmund University
  • University of Kansas
  • Marquette University
  • Harvard University
  • University of Utah
  • Michigan State University
  • South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
  • University of California at Irvine
  • Technical University of Munich
  • University of California at Berkeley
  • Ohio State University
  • Ruhr University Bochum
  • Uppsala University
  • University of Rochester
  • University of Maryland, College Park
  • University of Padua
  • University of Alabama
  • Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
  • Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Queen's University Kingston

Research output: Contribution to journalConference articlepeer-review

Abstract

There is an observed anisotropy in the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays in the TeV-PeV regime with variations on the scale of one part in a thousand. While the origin of this anisotropy is an open question, a possible factor is cosmic-ray interactions with interstellar and heliospheric magnetic fields. These magnetic fields may change over time - for example, due to changes in solar activity throughout its 11-year solar cycle. The cosmic-ray anisotropy can reflect these time-dependent magnetic fields. In addition to these speculative sources, there are several known sources of time variation in this anisotropy, such as the Compton-Getting Effect from the Earth’s orbital motion. We discuss a preliminary study with limited statistics of time variation undertaken by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, including a measurement of the Compton-Getting Effect as well as a general, model-independent search for other time variations. Further, we use the Compton-Getting Effect to present a preliminary measurement of the cosmic-ray spectral index as a function of energy below the knee.

Original languageEnglish
Article number458
JournalProceedings of Science
Volume501
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 30 2025
Event39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025 - Geneva, Switzerland
Duration: Jul 15 2025Jul 24 2025

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