Abstract
Georges Friedel had his nematic threads,1 Paul Dirac had his monopole,2 and Alexei Abrikosov had his flux line.3 Very different systems and very different scientists, but deep down they all captured the same idea: Integers cannot vary continuously. The number of times a closed curve winds around a point under smooth evolution in time and space-both position and momentum space must be invariant.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages | 46-47 |
| Number of pages | 2 |
| Volume | 72 |
| No | 2 |
| Specialist publication | Physics Today |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 1 2019 |
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