U and Th zonation in apatite observed by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence tomography and implications for the (U-Th) / He system

Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microtomography can non-destructively image the three-dimensional distribution of several trace elements in whole apatite crystals at the resolution of 1 μm3. This allows for precise determination of the physical geometry of a crystal and the quantification of the relative abundance of the radioactive parent nuclides uranium and thorium with high fidelity. We use these data to develop a more precise alpha ejection correction for (U-Th) / He thermochronology and high-resolution models of apatite crystals that are the foundation for a new generation of three-dimensional diffusion modeling. The application of synchrotron radiation to non-destructive imaging of minerals used for geochronology sheds light on causes of long-standing unresolved problems in the field that are rooted in previously unmeasurable parent nuclide zonation, especially the pervasive overdispersion of single-crystal ages.